Year: 2026

Revascularization means restoring blood flow to heart muscle or other tissues that are not getting enough oxygen-rich blood. It is a category of procedure-based treatment, most often performed with catheter-based interventions or surgery. In cardiology, it is commonly encountered in coronary artery disease (CAD), especially angina and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It is also discussed when planning long-term risk reduction and symptom control in patients with ischemia.

Cardiac Device Clinic is a specialized clinical service that follows people with implanted heart rhythm devices. It belongs to the category of a clinic-based monitoring and management program, not a single test or diagnosis. It is commonly encountered in cardiology after pacemaker or defibrillator implantation and during long-term follow-up. It helps clinicians assess device function, patient symptoms, and rhythm-related risk over time.

Cardiac Lead Placement is the positioning of an electrical “lead” (wire) that connects a cardiac device to the heart. It is a procedure and a device-related concept commonly used in pacing and defibrillator therapy. It is most often encountered with pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) systems. It is different from electrocardiogram (ECG) skin lead placement, although both use the word “lead” in cardiology.

A Transvenous Pacemaker is a cardiac pacing device system that delivers electrical impulses to the heart through a lead placed in a vein and positioned inside the heart. It is a **device and procedure** used to support or restore an adequate heart rate and rhythm. It is commonly encountered in emergency care, intensive care units, electrophysiology (EP) settings, and peri-procedural cardiology. In many contexts, the term refers to **temporary transvenous pacing**, but it can also describe **permanent pacemaker systems that use transvenous leads**.

A Subcutaneous ICD is an implantable cardiac device that detects and treats dangerous ventricular arrhythmias. It is a type of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) designed to sit under the skin rather than inside the heart and veins. It is commonly encountered in electrophysiology and heart failure risk management when preventing sudden cardiac death is a goal. It is discussed when a patient needs defibrillation therapy but may not need long-term pacing.

Device Interrogation is the process of retrieving and reviewing information from an implanted cardiac device. It is a diagnostic test and monitoring procedure. It is most often used with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) such as pacemakers and defibrillators. It is commonly encountered in electrophysiology clinics, emergency care, inpatient cardiology, and perioperative settings.

Lead Extraction is a procedure that removes implanted cardiac device leads from the body. It is most often discussed in the setting of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). It is a cardiovascular procedure performed when a lead is infected, malfunctioning, or no longer appropriate. It is commonly encountered in electrophysiology, device clinics, and inpatient cardiology consults.

AI in Cardiology means using artificial intelligence (AI) to support cardiovascular diagnosis, risk assessment, and care workflows. It is a clinical technology and decision-support category rather than a disease or symptom. It is commonly encountered in electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation, cardiac imaging (echo, CT, MRI), and remote monitoring. It is also used to organize clinical data from electronic health records (EHRs) and cardiology reports.

Digital Cardiology is the use of digital tools and data to support cardiovascular care. It is a clinical domain within digital health that includes tests, devices, and software used in cardiology. It is commonly encountered in rhythm monitoring, blood pressure tracking, telehealth visits, and imaging workflows. It is used across prevention, diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up in cardiovascular medicine.

Cardiac Telehealth is the use of telecommunication technology to deliver cardiovascular care at a distance. It is a care delivery model, not a disease, test, or medication. It is commonly encountered in cardiology clinics, post-hospital follow-up, and chronic disease management (for example, heart failure and arrhythmias). It often combines clinical history-taking with remote monitoring data such as blood pressure, heart rate, rhythm tracings, and symptom reports.